Conflict and Negotiations Essays

Conflict and Negotiations Essays Conflict and Negotiations Essay Conflict and Negotiations Essay I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Conflict is a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to be negatively affect, something that the first party cares about. It also encompasses a wide range of conflicts that people experience in organizations. Conflicts are usually caused by poor communication, lack of openness and failure to respond to employee needs. Human Relations View Conflict as the belief that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group. While Interactionist View Conflict as the belief that conflict is not only a positive force in a group but that it is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively. There are at least three Types of Conflicts: Task Conflicts or Conflicts over content and goals of the work; Relationship Conflicts or conflicts based on interpersonal relationships and; Process Conflicts or conflict over how work gets done. There are five stages of conflict and they are as follows – Stage 1: Potential opposition or incompatibility, Stage 2: Cognition and Personalization; Stage 3: Intentions; Stage 4: Behavior and finally; Stage 5: Outcomes. Negotiation in definition is a process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree on the exchange rate for them. There are two BARGAINING STRATEGIES that you can employ during negotiations: (1) Distributive Bargaining or the negotiation that seeks to divide up a fixed amount of resources; a win-lose situation and; (2) Integrative Bargaining or the negotiation that seeks one or more settlements that can create a win-win solution. There are also steps to be followed in ensuring a successful egotiation process – Step 1: Preparation and planning; Step 2: Definition of ground rules; Step 3: Classification and justification; Step 4: Bargaining and Problem Solving and; Step 5: Closure and implementation Finally there are five CONFLICT-HANDLING INTENTIONS: Competition, Collaboration, Avoidance, Accommodation, Compromise II. OBJECTIVES ? At the end of this report, the group ensures that the audience will be able to: 1. Define conflict. 2. Differentiate between the traditional, human relations, and interactionist views of conflict. 3. Contrast task, relationship, and process conflict. 4. Outline the conflict process. 5. Describe the five conflict-handling intentions. 6. Contrast distributive and integrative bargaining. 7. Identify the five steps in the negotiating process. 8. Describe cultural differences in negotiations. III. CONFLICT IN DEFINITION – A process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about. Is that point in an ongoing activity when an interaction â€Å"crosses over† to become an interparty conflict. – Encompasses a wide range of conflicts that people experience in organizations Incompatibility of goals Differences over interpretations of facts Disagreements based on behavioral expectations Transitions in Conflict Thought – The belief that all conflict is harmful and must be avoided. Causes: – Poor communication – Lack of openness – Failure to respond to employee needs Human Relations View of Conflict – The belief that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group. Interactionist View of Conflict – The belief that conflict is not only a positive force in a group but that it is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively. Functional versus Dysfunctional Conflict Functional Conflict – Conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves its performance. Dysfunctional Conflict – Conflict that hinders group performance Types of Conflict 1. Task Conflict – Conflicts over content and goals of the work. 2. Relationship Conflict – Conflict based on interpersonal relationships. 3. Process Conflict – Conflict over how work gets done. IV. THE CONFLICT PROCESS [pic] Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility – Communication – Semantic difficulties, misunderstandings, and â€Å"noise† – Structure – Size and specialization of jobs Jurisdictional clarity/ambiguity – Member/goal incompatibility – Leadership styles (close or participative) – Reward systems (win-lose) – Dependence/interdependence of groups – Personal Variables – Differing individual value systems – Personality types Stage II: Cognition and Personalization Perceived Conflict – Awareness by one or more parties of the existence of conditions that create opportunities for conflict to arise. Felt Conflict – Emotional involvement in a conflict creating anxiety, tenseness, frustration, or hostility. [pic] Stage III: Intentions Intentions – Decisions to act in a given way. Cooperativeness: – Attempting to satisfy the other party’s concerns. Assertiveness: – Attempting to satisfy one’s own concerns. Dimensions of Conflict-Handling Intentions [pic] Competing – A desire to satisfy one’s interests, regardless of the impact on the other party to the conflict. Collaborating – A situation in which the parties to a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the concerns of all parties. Avoiding – The desire to withdraw from or suppress a conflict. Accommodating – The willingness of one party in a conflict to place the opponent’s interests above his or her own. Compromising A situation in which each party to a conflict is willing to give up something. Stage IV: Behavior Conflict Management – The use of resolution and stimulation techniques to achieve the desired level of conflict. Conflict-Intensity Continuum [pic] Conflict Management Techniques 1. Problem solving 2. Superordinate goals 3. Expansion of resources 4. Avoidance 5. Smoothing 6. Compromise 7. Authoritative command 8. Altering the human variable 9. Altering the structural variables 10. Communication 11. Bringing in outsiders 12. Restructuring the organization 13. Appointing a devil’s advocate Stage V: Outcomes Functional Outcomes from Conflict – Increased group performance – Improved quality of decisions – Stimulation of creativity and innovation – Encouragement of interest and curiosity – Provision of a medium for problem-solving – Creation of an environment for self-evaluation and change Creating Functional Conflict – Reward dissent and punish conflict avoiders. Dysfunctional Outcomes from Conflict – Development of discontent – Reduced group effectiveness – Retarded communication – Reduced group cohesiveness – Infighting among group members overcomes group goals V. NEGOTIATION IN DEFINITION – A process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree on the exchange rate for them. BATNA – The Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement; the lowest acceptable value (outcome) to an individual for a negotiated agreement. VI. BARGAINING STRATEGIES Distributive Bargaining – Negotiation that seeks to divide up a fixed amount of resources; a win-lose situation. Integrative Bargaining – Negotiation that seeks one or more settlements that can create a win-win solution. Distributive Versus Integrative Bargaining [pic] Staking Out the Bargaining Zone [pic] VII. THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS [pic] VIII. ISSUES IN NEGOTIATION The Role of Personality Traits in Negotiation – Traits do not appear to have a significantly direct effect on the outcomes of either bargaining or negotiating processes. Gender Differences in Negotiations – Women negotiate no differently from men, although men apparently negotiate slightly better outcomes. – Men and women with similar power bases use the same negotiating styles. – Women’s attitudes toward negotiation and their success as negotiators are less favorable than men’s. IX. THIRD-PARTY NEGOTIATIONS Mediator – A neutral third party who facilitates a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, and suggestions for alternatives. Arbitrator – A third party to a negotiation who has the authority to dictate an agreement. Conciliator – A trusted third party who provides an informal communication link between the negotiator and the opponent. Consultant – An impartial third party, skilled in conflict management, who attempts to facilitate creative problem solving through communication and analysis. X. GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS Conflict and Culture – Japanese and U. S. managers view conflict differently – U. S. managers more likely to use competing tactics while Japanese managers are likely to use compromise and avoidance Cultural Differences in Negotiations – Multiple cross-cultural studies on negotiation styles, for instance: – American negotiators are more likely than Japanese bargainers to make a first offer – North Americans use facts to persuade, Arabs use emotion, and Russians used asserted ideals – Brazilians say â€Å"no† more often than Americans or Japanese XI. CONFLICT AND UNIT PERFORMANCE [pic] XII. CONFLICT-HANDLING INTENTION Conflict-Handling Intention: Competition – When quick, decisive action is vital (in emergencies); on important issues. – Where unpopular actions need implementing (in cost cutting, enforcing unpopular rules, discipline). – On issues vital to the organization’s welfare. – When you know you’re right. – Against people who take advantage of noncompetitive behavior. Conflict-Handling Intention: Collaboration – To find an integrative solution when both sets of concerns are too important to be compromised. – When your objective is to learn. – To merge insights from people with different perspectives. To gain commitment by incorporating concerns into a consensus. – To work through feelings that have interfered with a relationship. Conflict-Handling Intention: Avoidance – When an issue is trivial, or more important issues are pressing. – When you perceive no chance of satisfying your concerns. – When potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution. – To let people cool down and regain perspective. – When gathering information supersedes immediate decision. – When others can resolve the conflict effectively – When issues seem tangential or symptomatic of other issues. Conflict-Handling Intention: Accommodation – When you find you’re wrong and to allow a better position to be heard. – To learn, and to show your reasonableness. – When issues are more important to others than to yourself and to satisfy others and maintain cooperation. – To build social credits for later issues. – To minimize loss when outmatched and losing. – When harmony and stability are especially important. – To allow employees to develop by learning from mistakes. Conflict-Handling Intention: Compromise – When goals are important but not worth the effort of potential disruption of more assertive approaches. When opponents with equal power are committed to mutually exclusive goals. – To achieve temporary settlements to complex issues. – To arrive at expedient solutions under time pressure. – As a backup when collaboration or competition is unsuccessful. XIII. REFERENCES – Robbins, Stephen P . Organizational Behavior, 11th ed. Prentice Hall Inc, 2006 – Robbins and Judge Organizational Behavior, 13th ed. Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall, 2009 – Thomas, â€Å"Conflict and Negotiation Processes in Organizations,† – M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hough (eds. , Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed. , vol. 3 (Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1992), p. 668. – S. P. Robbins, Managing Organizational Conflict: A Nontraditional Approach (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974), pp. 93–97; and – F. Glasi, â€Å"The Process of Conflict Escalation and the Roles of Third Parties,† – G. B. J. Bomers and R. Peterson (eds. ), Conflict Management and Industrial Relations (Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1982), pp. 119–40. Attachment 1: Negotiation Bargaining, Filipino Style Negotiating Filipino Style xcerpt from the book â€Å"Negotiating International Business The Nego tiator’s Reference Guide to 50 Countries Around the World† by Lothar Kat (updated April 2010) ? Leveraging relationships is an important element ? usually a joint problem-solving process. ? While the buyer is in a superior position, both sides in a business deal own the responsibility to reach agreement ? primary negotiation style is cooperative ? Maintaining harmonious relationships throughout the process is vitally important ? disapprove of competitiveness and strive to find win-win solutions Information is rarely shared freely, since the locals believe that privileged information creates bargaining advantages ? humility is a virtue in the Philippines’ business culture ? Excessive promotions may be taken as lies and could seriously damage your counterpart’s trust in you ? Expect negotiations to be slow and protracted (Relationship building, information gathering, bargaining, and decision making all take considerable time) ? Filipinos have a lower sense o f urgency than a Westerner may be accustomed to ? Filipinos generally employ a polychronic work style (vs. onochronic cultures, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, or the United State) Bargaining Filipino Style ? Most Filipinos love bargaining and haggling ? They expect to do a lot of it during a negotiation and may be offended if you refuse to play along ? The bargaining stage of a negotiation can be extensive ? Filipinos may prefer to respond to your inputs rather than presenting ideas ? While they will eventually open up to new ideas, they do not easily change their opinions of their own ? prices often move more than 40 percent between initial offers and final agreement Filipinos generally prefer a straightforward negotiation style ? they also use deceptive techniques (telling lies and sending fake non-verbal messages, initially pretending to be disinterested in the whole deal or in single concessions, misrepresenting an item’s value, or making false demands and concessio ns) ? do not use ‘good cop, bad cop’ ? not likely to use the ‘limited authority’ technique (groups, rather than individuals, normally make decisions) ? Do not use tactics such as applying time pressure or making expiring offers, could be viewed as signs that you are not willing to build a long-term Periods of silence are frequent and usually reflect a natural inclination rather than the intentional use of a negotiation technique ? Avoid pressure tactics such as opening with your best offer ? negotiators may sometimes use emotional techniques (such as attitudinal bargaining, attempting to make you feel guilty, grimacing, or appealing to personal relationships) ? defensive tactics such as blocking, distracting or changing the subject, asking probing questions, or making promises may be used ? fine line between giving gifts and bribing (What you may consider a bribe, a Filipino may view as only a nice gift) Conflicts and disputes that may arise during a negoti ation can be difficult to resolve because Filipinos prefer to ignore or deny them ? When making decisions, Filipinos usually consider the specific situation rather than applying universal principles. ? Personal feelings and experiences weigh much more strongly than empirical evidence and other objective facts do. ? Most Filipinos are moderate risk takers Conflict and negotiations Events and Systems March 20, 2011

Mergers And Acquisitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mergers And Acquisitions - Essay Example The companies are keen to reach out to a global customer base in a bid to respond to the increased pressures of achieving scale (Finkelstein, 1999, pp.1). This is also one of the motives in the case of Kraft and Cadbury deal as it will open new markets for the company. A thorough analysis of this deal covering aspects like long term strategies, regulatory implications, financing, defence mechanisms etc has been presented in the paper. Strategy of Kraft Inc Recently there has been a spate of merger and acquisition activities across the globe with the ‘bidder’ taking advantage of the low ‘target’ valuation. Besides the low valuations the other incentives in a merger and acquisition deal are tapping developing markets, acquiring access to the customer base of the target company, capitalising on the good-will of the target, generating business synergies etc. The global growth strategy of Kraft Foods is also based on the aforementioned objectives. By way of this strategy the company is anticipating an organic growth in its revenue base by 5% or higher; accompanied by a growth of 9% to 11% in the earnings per share (EPS) placing it in a good stead in the worldwide food industry. Irene Rosenfeld, Kraft Foods Chairman & CEO, takes pride in the market positioning of the company which has now entrenched itself as â€Å"global snacks powerhouse† based on its unparalleled portfolio of leading local and regional brands. By virtue of this unique combination and its significant market presence in the emerging markets the company is expected to register a consistent growth. The global growth strategy has enabled Kraft to lay the foundation for strong growth. The company aims at taking its performance to a higher level by leveraging on its scale and investing strategically in sales, marketing, innovation and create a high-class cost-structure. The acquisition of Cadbury has made Kraft Food an undisputed leader in Snacks, a high-margin and high g rowth category which comprises more than fifty percent of the total revenue of the company. The Snacks portfolio of the company is complemented by iconic local and regional brands in grocery, cheese, beverage etc. A majority of these iconic heritage brands are placed in top positions and is the favourite of the consumers who tend to be extremely loyal towards these brands. They generate high margins and have robust cash flows. The popular heritage brands offer Kraft Inc the unique opportunity of investing profits from its stable cash rich businesses to fast growing and high margin yielding developing markets. Kraft and Cadbury combination offers the scale required to grow distribution and sales in existing and new markets. The company anticipates revenue synergies and cost synergies to the tune of $1 billion and $750 million by 2013. Based on its anticipated growth in EPS and organic revenue Kraft Inc aims at becoming a top-rung performer in the food industry (Kraft Foods Inc.-a, 20 10). Regulatory implications The takeover of Cadbury by Kraft has been spoiled by the controversy surrounding the closure of Somerdale factory thereby creating sentiments of mistrust in the manner the Kraft is held. Now the company faces a stiff challenge in restoring its image in UK. The evidences gathered from

Conceptual framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conceptual framework - Essay Example and as a guide to the enterprise itself. A Financial statement is a management tool of communicating information about the financial position of the company, its performances and changes in financial position. It is presented in income statements, balance sheets and cash flows. Part B. Review the 2008 annual report of British Airways plc and evaluate the relevance, reliability, comparability and understandability of the information to you as a potential investor (use examples to justify your answers) * On the basis of relevance. The information presented in the financial statements is relevant as it is presented in two years, 2007 and 2008. This information can help users of the Financial Statement to evaluate past and present events of the company. On the basis of past events, evidences could be gathered for confirming or correcting past evaluations made. * On the basis of reliability. Financial statements of British Airways have to be audited in accordance with IASB and should comply with the requirements in the financial market audit. A financial statement becomes unreliable when it is purposely done to influence users’ decision such understatement or overstatement of assets, income and liabilities. Disclosures from part of the financial report in claiming estimates in its preparation so that the FS will appear neutral. The study has been limited and could not interpret any understatement or overstatement of assets and liabilities. However, following the trend of the 2 year Balance sheet, changes in asset structure is not very significant to cause an alarm. * On the basis of comparability. The Financial Statement of BA provided sufficient data for comparability over time. This is done on a 2 year comparison of its own yearly performance. This allows users to study trend in performances in all

Road to Serfdom Essay Example for Free

Road to Serfdom Essay Hayek has written one of the most important books of our generation. It restates for our time the issue between liberty and authority. It is an arresting call to all well-intentioned planners and socialists, to all those who are sincere democrats and liberals at heart, to stop, look and listen. ’ The author is an internationally known economist. An Austrian by birth, he was director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research and lecturer in economics at the University of Vienna during the years of the rise of fascism in Central Europe. He has lived in England since 1931 when he became Professor of Economic Science at the University of London, and is now a British citizen. Professor Hayek, with great power and rigour of reasoning, sounds a grim warning to Americans and Britons who look to the government to provide the way out of all our economic dif? culties. He demonstrates that fascism and what the Germans correctly call National Socialism are the inevitable results of the increasing growth of state control and state power, of national ‘planning’ and of socialism. It is essential that we should re-learn frankly to face the fact that freedom can be had only at a price and that as individuals we must be prepared to make severe material sacri? ces to preserve it. 68 69 the road to serfdom We must regain the conviction on which liberty in the AngloSaxon countries has been based and which Benjamin Franklin expressed in a phrase applicable to us as individuals no less than as nations: ‘Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Toward a better world To build a better world, we must have the courage to make a new start. We must clear away the obstacles with which human folly has recently encumbered our path and release the creative energy of individuals. We must create conditions favourable to progress rather than ‘planning progress’. It is not those who cry for more ‘planning’ who show the necessary courage, nor those who preach a ‘New Ord er’, which is no more than a continuation of the tendencies of the past 40 years, and who can think of nothing better than to imitate Hitler.

Stories of Success in Salome Thomas-ELs Book, I Choose to Stay Essay

The book I Choose to Stay was written by Mr. Salome Thomas-EL. In it were short stories of success, which were his success stories, and the stories of the children, that he have touched and inspired. Mr. EL is an educator; therefore, he wrote this book for its readers to know and eventually learn from his experiences as a student, a teacher, and a human being. Every human being has his own unique genetic talents and abilities. One of these abilities is intelligence. Intelligence is the ability of a person to learn and understand. In the beginning of life, every human being was born with different levels of intelligence, but the level of intelligence that we acquire from birth doesn’t entirely affect what we become or if we succeed or fail in life. This has been what Mr. EL instilled in his book. However, one student who have read the book thought, that the message of the book was that smart people succeed, while not-so-smart people fail. In my opinion, the students’ att itude about the book is wrong, because our genetics doesn’t determine our level of success. We succeed by being hard working and determined, by having sufficient time, and by having a set of people that would guide and support us as we grow. Skills and abilities are nothing compared to hard work and determination, and a positive attitude. It has been said that if you want to achieve something; you have to do your best to get it. You can’t just sit around and wait for it to come. You have to work and live your life, for you to achieve it. Salome once told his students, â€Å"If your mind can conceive and your heart can believe, you can achieve.† In addition to these words, he said â€Å"There is only one person capable of preventing you from reaching your goals, that person... ... if not because of the guidance and support of his teachers and especially his mother.† The same thing applies to his students. His students became successful, because Mr. Salome Thomas-EL was a great teacher; he cared, enlightened and guided his students to the right path. All of us have God-given abilities. And this â€Å"gift† needs to be opened, cherished and nurtured for it to be of great help in our journey of life. To succeed in life, the first thing we need to have is determination. Once we have the determination, what we need to do next is to manage and treasure the time that has been given to us. And after we have achieved those, the third thing that we need to have is a firm and strong support system. When we have all these three things with us, it would be much easier for us to succeed. What we need to succeed are merely sugar, spice and everything nice.

Highly Confidential Security System

Highly Confidential Security System ABSTRACT- Due to busy life style we can’t remember all confidential data like All mail Id, Password, All bank account no. , Insurance policy no. , Pan card no. , Driving License no. , Passport no. ,All education certificate Numbers, Some highly valued scan copy, some confidential photos, music and videos. So we can develop highly security web application in which we can store all confidential data in single credentials. * HCSS keeps confidential data and provide high security. It reduce all Efforts of any user to remember all id’s ,passwords they have and facilitate to use single id and password. * In this system whenever any transaction takes place from their account they get informed through a text messages or E-mails. * This System provides Video locker, image locker, music locker, bank account information locker, mail id and password locker. * It keeps past logs and also need extra credential to delete these logs. By using the pas t logs a user can undo all its transactions. * System also provides Login mobile verification. This software is user friendly. Any literal person can handle the software for getting different form available on that software. This software is made in English language. * The software provide different login facility for user such as public people, administrator. Different authorized person can login here to modify self portfolio & and can access their confidential data. * Any extra technical skill is not require when any person want to handle this software. Only language and computer literacy is needed to understand that form column and its related information.This software is made secured to user that no other person can modified your personal data. INTRODUCTION- The objective of HCSS is to provide a secure process & way to keep the users data more confidential and more secured. It provides a way that any public people can easily create their portfolio and keep their confidential dat a. And they can also access the data on a single click for that they need to cross a bridge which required only single credential. This project is useful for person as he/she easily store and retrieve their confidential data.This reduces the cases of fraudulence in our country. The main goal of this project according to business point of view to make the life of the people easy by proving the system which will reduce the probability of being cheated by leakage of any confidential information. TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED:-IBMRational Software Architect:- IBMRationalSoftwareArchitect(RSA)madebyIBM'sRationalSoftwaredivision,isacomprehensivemodelinganddevelopmentenvironmentthatusestheUnified ModelingLanguage(UML)fordesigningarchitecturefor C++andJava 2EnterpriseEdition (J2EE)Applicationsandwebservices. RationalSoftwareArchitectisbuiltontheEclipseopen-sourcesoftware frameworkandincludescapabilitiesfocusedonarchitecturalcodeanalysis,C++,andmodel-driven development(MDD)withtheUMLfor creatingre silientapplicationsandwebservices. IBMWebsphereCommunity Edition:- WebSphereApplicationServerCommunityEdition(fromnowon WASCE)isafree,certifiedJava EE5applicationserverfor buildingandmanagingJava applications. Itis IBM'ssupporteddistributionofApacheGeronimothatusesTomcatfor servletcontainerandAxis2for webservices.OtherdifferencefromApacheGeronimoisthat WASCEcomeswith DB2 andInformix databasedrivers,betterXMLparserlibraries(XML4JandXLXP)andcontainsthelatestpatchesfrom unreleasedupstreamversions. DB2 Express Cor DB2 UDB:- The name DB2 was first given to the Database Management System or DBMS in 1983 when IBM released DB2 on its MVSmainframe platform. Prior to this, a similar product was named SQL/DS on the VM platform. Prior to that in the mid 1970's IBM released the QBE relational database product for the VM platform with a table-oriented â€Å"Query By Example† front-end which produced a linear-syntax language that was a recognizable precursor to QBE nd drove transactions to its relational database. Later the QMF feature of DB2 produced real SQL and brought the same â€Å"QBE† look and feel to DB2. The System 38 platform also contained a relational DBMS. System Relational, or System R, was a research prototype developed in the 1970s. DB2 has its roots back to the beginning of the 1970s when E. F. Codd, working for IBM, described the theory of relational databases and in June 1970 published the model for data manipulation. To apply the model Codd needed a relational database language he named Alpha.At the time IBM didn't believe in the potential of Codd's ideas, leaving the implementation to a group of programmers not under Codd's supervision, who violated several fundamentals of Codd's relational model; the result was Structured English Query Language or SEQUEL. When IBM released its first relational database product, they wanted to have a commercial-quality sublanguage as well, so it overhauled SEQUEL and renamed the basically new language (Syst em Query Language) SQL to differentiate it from SEQUEL.IBM bought Metaphor Computer Systems to utilize their GUI interface and encapsulating SQL platform that had already been in use since the mid 80's. Tivoli CDP /TSM/Tivoli Directory Server:- Designed to provide a data protection and recovery solution for mission-critical applications, in the data center or remote branch offices, for enterprises and small businesses. TSM FastBack can eliminate traditional backup windows by continuously capturing data changes at the block level, with minimal impact to the systems it helps protect.Its policy-based approach to data protection allows administrators to improve recovery service levels, specifically Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) and Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) based on the needs of the individual application or data type. TSM FastBack also provides a near instant restore capability that enables applications to be up and running within minutes after data recovery is initiated, while data recovery is performed in the background. WHAT IT WILL DO:- Registration for users. User personal and confidential data will be encrypted. The encrypted data will be stored in atabase. Public key will be provided to the user at time of registration. Extraction of data n decryption. HOW IT WORKS:- Section 1provides the main page for index . Section 2 gives the interface of the software that is used by user. It gives what level of proficiency is expected of the user, constraints while making the software and assumptions and dependencies that are assumed. Section 3 after being used by user, it deliver all the requirements of the system. Functional requirement are given by various use cases. Some performance requirements and design constraints are also given.It includes user interface, hardware interface, software interface and communication interface. Section 4 gives non functional requirement of feature. It includes the performance requirement of that software. It also contains sa fety requirement, security requirement, and software quality attribute. DIFFERENT MODULES:- User User can login and save and restore their confidential data using their public key. Along with this can seek help, file complaint and give feedback. Admin Admin has the authority to add/delete users, view complaints of user and takes necessary actions. Give response to their feedback and provide help.Operations:- In HCSS the data entered by user is to be secured by encryption. The user can enter data of different types like image file, text document, PAN No, passwords, video document, etc. For this the algorithms used to encrypt them are RSA (Text Encryption) Algorithm used to keep the confidential data secure of the users is RSA. It is an encryption algorithm. It was developed by and named after Rivest, Shamir and Adleman of MIT in 1977. It is the best known and widely used public key scheme. The encryption done is based on exponentiation in a finite (Galois) field over integers modulo a prime.Exponentiation takes O((log n)3) operations(easy). It uses large integers (eg. 1024 bits). It offers security due to cost of factoring large numbers. Factorization takes O(e log n log (log n))) operations (hard). This software is user friendly. Any literal person can handle the software for getting different form available on that software. This software is made in English language. The software provide different login facility for user such as public people, administrator. Different authorized person can login here to modify self portfolio & and can access their confidential data.User can also print, submit & get related information from their portfolio. Any extra technical skill is not require when any person want to handle this software. Only language and computer literacy is needed to understand that form column and its related information. This software is made secured to user that no other person can modified your REFERENCES:- * Object Oriented Modeling and Design with UML-Michael Blaha, James Rambaugh. * Software Engineering, Seventh Edition, Ian Sommerville. * IBM Red Books. * IBM – www. ibm. in/developerworks . * Wikipedia – www. wikipedia. org

South America, France, And Detroit - 979 Words

Challenging Regions: South America, France, and Detroit For each successful school system, one could identify multiple systems that have failed or are currently failing. Challenging or underperformed school systems can be found at the continental, country or state level. Additional challenges are found both in developed and underdeveloped regions. Nonetheless, there are a myriad of reasons that contribute to school system failures, regardless of locations. Social, economical, cultural or pragmatic aspects are common reasons cited for ineffective or unsustainable school systems. Latin America currently has an education system that faces significantly low performance and pressure for education improvement by local, state and national authorities. (Chafuen, 2014) In 2012, PISA ranked almost every Latin America countries below the global average for participants. Chile in particular, scoring ten percent lower that the average, was the highest-ranking country in Latin America. 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The Native Americans also generated problems for America because they resisted land expansion. Because of their standards and beliefs, this shows how the two parties faced these particular problems that were caused by Britain and the Native Americans. Therefore, the Federalists and Democratic-RepublicansRead MoreDiscrimination against Vietnamese Immigrants in America1554 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst Vietnamese Immigrants in America Vietnamese did not magically appear in the United States, the Vietnam War sparked the immigration of Vietnamese to America. Vietnamese did not virtually exist in the United States until 1975 when the war forced Vietnamese to evacuate (Povell). The war began after Vietminh defeated France and split into North and South Vietnam (O’Connel). In 1956 communist Ho Chi Minh ruled the North Vietnam, and Bao Dai ruled the South, who the United States supportedRead MoreEssay Haiti Corrupt Government1589 Words   |  7 PagesFrench. Now under French rule it became one of the wealthiest of the Caribbean communities (Haiti). By the mid-eighteenth century the island was accountable for about 60 percent of the worlds coffee and about 40 percent of the sugar imported by France (Haggerty). The only downfall was the great number of slaves imported from Africa to the island. There were anywhere from five to seven-hundred thousand slaves on the island by 1791. The slave population, fed up with the way they were treatedRead MoreSwot Analysis for Any One Automobile Brand1534 Words   |  7 PagesAutoworkers of America, has also made concessions. This SWOT analysis is about General Motors. Strengths Branding - Born in Detroit Michigan in 1910 General motors has produced a stable of automobiles such as Chevrolet, Pontiac Cadillac and Buick which have become household names in the U.S. As such, the General Motors Brand is well rooted not only in America but throughout the world. Worldwide Presence - General Motors truly has an international presence with factories in Poland, Russia, South AfricaRead MoreHow Did The Cold War Affect Asian American Experiences?1030 Words   |  5 Pagesany 5 of the questions How did the Cold War affect Asian American experiences? America feared that the Cold War would inspire the Soviet communism nurture egalitarian societies, and prompt the colored people inside and outside America to remain marginal between capitalism and communism. This inspired American policy makers to undermine their practice of discriminating the colored communities. Thus, during the 1960s America witnessed radicalization of anti-racism movements. The Cold War affected the